Jamaican Death Toll Rooted in "War on Drugs" - Democracy NOW!

Democracy NOW! - DN! - Jamaica's death toll continues to rise in the search for alleged drug lord Christopher "Dudus" Coke, wanted by the United States. Jamaican police have confirmed that seventy-three people, the vast majority civilians, have been killed in clashes between security forces and Coke's armed supporters. Rights groups are raising questions about possible unlawful killings by security forces.Published with written permission from democracynow.org. www.democracynow.org Provided to you under Democracy NOW! creative commons license. All credits for this video belong to democracynow.org, an independent, non-profit user funded news media, recognized and broadcast world wide.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5a7qoFwSqDs&hl=en

ASVAB, and TIPS

I talking about taking the asvab for the first time and give you tips and stuff.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlWtPkxZ-9o&hl=en

ARMA 2 OA AC 130

AC 130 in action. AC 130 ver 0.4 addon by LurchiderLurch. Go to the link below to download and find updates on this addon forums.bistudio.com Ignore. ARMA 2 Armed Assualt 2 Combined Operations Operation Arrowhead AC 130 Afghanistan Iraq Special Forces Night Assault



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-PXkstlJKs&hl=en

WWII Battlefront - The Battle of Tobruk

The Siege of Tobruk was a lengthy confrontation between Axis and Allied forces in North Africa during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. The siege started on 11 April 1941, when Tobruk was attacked by an Italian-German force under Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel and continued for 240 days, when it was relieved by the Eighth Army during Operation Crusader.The biggest battles of World War II in color.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLJIiZ4WxD4&hl=en

WWII Battlefront - The Battle of Dieppe

The Dieppe Raid, also known as The Battle of Dieppe, Operation Rutter or later on Operation Jubilee, during the Second World War, was an Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe on the northern coast of France on 19 August 1942. The assault began at 5:00 AM and by 10:50 AM the Allied commanders had been forced to call a retreat. Over 6000 infantrymen, predominantly Canadian, were supported by large Royal Navy and Royal Air Force contingents. The objective was to seize and hold a major port for a short period, both to prove it was possible and to gather intelligence from prisoners and captured materials while assessing the German responses. The Allies also wanted to destroy coastal defences, port structures and all strategic buildings. The Allies launch an ill-fated attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France. The biggest battles of World War II in color.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_RR3Up_48k&hl=en

LLOYD BANKS FT KANYE WEST,GIGGS & SWAY - START IT UP UK REMIX

www.lloydbanks.com OFFICIAL UK REMIX TO THE LLOYD BANKS HIT FEATURING THE UKS SWAY & GIGGS WITH THE ORIGINAL TRACK FEATURING KANYE WEST,PUSHA T,SWIZZ BEATS & RYAN LESLIE [Swizz Beatz] Ladies and Gentleman you know they made cause cause cause I'm hood rich you never ever seen good trick You want a problem, start it up (vroom vroom) start it up (vroom vroom) start it up (vroom vroom) wait a minute [Lloyd Banks] big blue, cotton city shoe cotton candy coupe hard knock, orphan Annie loop off the stoop play with me, see what the screamy do my canary shoe, high beems pointed right at you, peek-a-boo Benji paper made me hater-proof all your thing reduce menage a trois, purple haze and goose, got me loose kick my way in and now I got the juice, Gucci bubble boots thousand kicks couple hundred boots gettin f-cking loot my top down, I'm flashing on em I'm passing all them, pullover and hit the hazards on em the ratchets on 'em, wanna pay my dues, now it's back to ballin the raps a boring dead man, I dip the casket for em I'm back performing, I bag em break their back, don't call em look down on em like Dikembe, Patrick, Mourning cash is pourin' stunt stormin, go this out camera phones capture everything that pictures dont. [Swizz Beatz] you know they mad cause cause cause I'm hood rich you never ever ever seen good trick You want a problem, start it up (vroom vroom) start it up (vroom vroom) start it up (vroom vroom) wait a minute (repeated) monsterlyrics.blogspot.com [Sway] Sway ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb5VqEynvM4&hl=en

Where I Stand (Every Singaporean Son Episode 02)

So you think you are fit? You won't really know where you stand until you measure yourself against a common benchmark - the Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT). Watch former school sportsmen Danial and Dudley, and your average guy Qingwei put themselves to the test.Directed by Dom Ow Produced by Dom Ow & Jake Wong "IPPT is quite hardcore" Music: Traditional; Lyrics by Dom Ow Arranged and Performed by the SAF Music and Drama Company A One Dash 22/ Project Peanut Production for MINDEF Public Affairs Catch "Every Singaporean Son" on cyberpioneerTV every Tuesday, at 6pm. For more info, visit www.mindef.gov.sg



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J116rpnRrw8&hl=en

【CCTV-7 军事科技】解放军新式步兵轻武器1/2 Advanced Light Weapons of the PLA Forces

【CCTV-7 军事科技】解放军新式步兵轻武器1/2 Advanced Light Weapons of the PLA Forces



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDV3y7Qithw&hl=en

Cover Me (Every Singaporean Son Episode 08)

Buddies Qingwei and Justin learn how to cover each other's backs in the fire and movement drill. With section mate Thiaghu as their leader, they put their recently acquired skills to the test in a paintball shoot-off against their rival company.Directed by Dom Ow Produced by Dom Ow & Jake Wong "Fire and move looks easy to do" Music: Traditional; Lyrics by Dom Ow Arranged and Performed by the SAF Music and Drama Company "Allegro" Music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Performed by The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (1936) Conducted by Bruno Walter Digital transfer by F. Reeder Used under the Creative Commons License A One Dash 22/ Project Peanut Production for MINDEF Public Affairs



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDjsXkKSGbo&hl=en

sunehray din PTV drama - part08

One of the very best from SHOWMAN



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhgW1k9nWx4&hl=en

Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's Tag Force 4 Monster Summons & Attacks

This is a video showing either all or most of the monster's animated summoning and attacks in Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's Tag Force 4. Credit goes to KarlKroene for this video. These are the monster names in order: Junk Warrior Goyo Guardian Gadget Hauler Exploder Dragonwing Blackwing Armor Master Blackwing Armed Wing Earthbound Immortal Ccapac Apu Earthbound Immortal Cusillo Earthbound Immortal Aslla Piscu Earthbound Immortal Ccarayhua Earthbound Immortal Uru Power Tool Dragon Ancient Fairy Dragon Black Rose Dragon Red Dragon Archfiend Stardust Dragon



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMeTCoN3oI4&hl=en

[EGYPT] Riders on Horses & Camels Charge Into Crowd at Tahrir Square in Cairo, 02/02/2011

The Egyptian army has started arresting anti-government protesters in the centre of Cairo. It marks a change of approach by the military, which previously wasn't intervening in clashes between supporters of President Mubarak and anti-government demonstrators. Five people are reported to have been killed in a morning gunfight in Cairo's Tahrir Square. That follows a day of heavy violence in which hundreds were injured. The country's braced for more trouble as it enters its tenth day of unrest. RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com RT on Twitter: twitter.com During the night of 1--2 February, Mubarak supporters and anti-Mubarak protesters clashed in Alexandria; shots were reportedly fired in the air. Provocateurs sent by the Egyptian government, armed with clubs, stones, rocks and knives, attacked protesters in central Cairo, including Tahrir square. In Cairo, many of the protesters from the previous day's protest decided to sleep and remain in Tahrir Square while more protesters are coming. The NDP sent many people to show support to Hosni Mubarak. The army was asking the protesters to go home saying "The armed forces call on the protesters to go home for the sake of bringing back stability." There was also unrest in Port Said. Private mercenaries were also said to be in Egypt to evacuate foreigners. Some of the Pro-Mubarak supporters were reportedly off-duty and undercover police. At noon local time, internet access in Egypt has been at least partially restored and the night ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgjU-uH_KYk&hl=en

Battlefield Vietnam: Ep 3 "Search and Destroy" (1/6)

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other member nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The Vietcong, the lightly armed South Vietnamese communist insurgency, largely fought a guerrilla war against anti-communist forces in the region. The North Vietnamese Army engaged in a more conventional war, at times committing large-sized units into battle. US and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search-and-destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery and air strikes. The United States entered the war to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam as part of a wider strategy called containment. Military advisors arrived beginning in 1950. US involvement escalated in the early 1960s and combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Involvement peaked in 1968 at the time of the Tet Offensive. Under a policy called Vietnamization, US forces withdrew as South Vietnamese troops were trained and armed. Despite a peace treaty signed by all parties in January 1973, fighting continued. In response to the anti-war movement, the US Congress passed the Case-Church Amendment in June 1973 prohibiting further US military intervention. In ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tJQTAw-vQA&hl=en

Weaponology : Waffen SS - part 2

The Waffen-SS (German for "Armed SS", literally "Weapons SS") was the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron") or SS, an organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside the Wehrmacht Heer regular army, but was never formally part of it. It was Adolf Hitler's will that the Waffen-SS never be integrated into the army: it was to remain the armed wing of the Party and to become an elite police force once the war was over.[1] Operational control of units on the front line was given to the Army's High Command, but in all other respects it remained under the control of Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler's SS organization, through the SS Führungshauptamt. At first membership was open to "Aryans" only in accordance with the racial policies of the Nazi state, but in 1940 Hitler authorized the formation of units composed largely or solely of foreign volunteers and conscripts, and by the end of the war ethnic non-Germans made up approximately 60% of the Waffen-SS.[2] After the war at the Nuremberg Trials, the Waffen-SS was condemned as a criminal organisation due to its essential connection to the Nazi Party and its involvement in war crimes. Waffen-SS veterans were denied many of the rights afforded to veterans who had served in the Heer (army), Luftwaffe (air force) or Kriegsmarine (navy). The exception made was for Waffen-SS conscripts sworn in after 1943, who were exempted ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVBX0pP65rE&hl=en

The Armed Forces vs. Westboro Baptist Church: "Vultures" (official music video)

On Sunday May 23rd, the Westboro Baptist Church descended on Nashville to spew their message of hate and homophobia. Brandon Jazz launched a bold counter-attack vowing to "kill them with kindness" and silence them with the power and majesty of song. Armed with only a karaoke machine and a megaphone, he went toe to toe with the forces of evil. This is the video of what went down. Click to tweet: clicktotweet.com Download "Vultures" on Bandcamp: thearmedforces.bandcamp.com find Armed Forces on Facebook facebook.com



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXb3Kwgf4d4&hl=en

Russian military

Хор Красной Армии (Калинка) / Red Army Choir (Kalinka). Вооружённые Силы Российской Федерации - Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Въоръжени сили на Руската федерация - Ozbrojené síly Ruské federace - Раççей Федерацийĕн Хĕçпăшаллă вăйĕсем - Ruslands militær - Russische Streitkräfte - Fuerzas Armadas de Rusia - Venemaa Föderatsiooni Relvajõud - Forces armées de la Fédération de Russie - Venäjän asevoimat - 러시아 연방군 - Vooružënnye Sily Rossijskoj Federacii - Az Oroszországi Föderáció Fegyveres Erői - ロシア連邦軍 - Rusijos karinės pajėgos - Krievijas armija - Russlands forsvar - Siły Zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej - Forças Armadas da Rússia - Oborožene sile Ruske federacije - Оружане снаге Руске Федерације (Oružane snage Ruske Federacije) - Ryska federationens militär - Rusya Federasyonu Silahlı Kuvvetleri - Збройні сили Російської Федерації - Lực lượng vũ trang Nga - 俄罗斯军事 - القوات المسلحة للفيدرالية الروسية Russian Army - Русская армия - Российская Армия - Russiese leër - Ռուսական բանակը - Rus ordusu - Рускія арміі - Руската армия - 俄罗斯军队 (俄羅斯軍隊) - Ruská armáda - Russiske hær - Russische leger - Vene armee - Venäjän armeija - L'armée russe - რუსეთის არმია - Russische Armee - Ρωσικό Στρατό - Ris Lame - रूसी सेना - Orosz hadsereg - Tentara Rusia - Esercito russo - ロシア軍 - 러시아어 육군 - Krievijas armija - Rusijos armija - Руската армија - Tentera Russia - Russu Armata - Russisk Army - Armii rosyjskiej - Exército ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6v6DpfFi1M&hl=en

Atom Bomb Joe Bonica's Movie Of The Month

"Survival Town" Atom Test, operation "Teapot" Atomic Test, amazing films of H-Bomb Actual footage of nuclear bomb testing, the scientists and military people involved in a the South Pacific and the American Southwest. Frighteningly slim and few precautions are taken with the lives of those people who jobs were to be present at the test sites. Film purports to prove that survival of nuclear attack is possible. Bikini Atoll; testing of the atomic bomb; Navy crews watch from deck of ship; remote control Los Alamos director Dr. Holloway; crew straps on goggles; bomb explodes; aerial shot shows ships immediately adjacent to the mushroom cloud; Mercury, Nevada test; some tanks were less than a mile away; scene of utter devastation and annihilation Operation Teapot Yucca Flat Nevada; 9000 servicemen ready to take their places in trenches; soldiers dust each other off with brooms; Voiceover: "Demonstrating the importance of civil defense preparedness, the elaborate exercises proved survival is possible, offering new hope to all who live in the shadow of the atomic age."



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFPzAhKphws&hl=en

russia military 4 Special Force

russia military 4 Russian Special Force



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Orjchfqkfqc&hl=en

The Pacific: Marines of the Pacific - Chuck Tatum (HBO)

Heroic WWII Marine Chuck Tatum is the focus of this profile in this companion piece to the HBO miniseries event "The Pacific." For more information, log onto HBO.com.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_fjHygLtsI&hl=en

【APヘタリア】みんなでｳﾏｳﾏ（増量版）【手描き】

This video is made by me. 作者です。 This is a fanvideo of "Axis Powers Hetalia". It isn't meant to be an accurate representation of real countries or armed forces. この動画はAxis Powers ヘタリアのファン動画です。 実在する国家、軍隊を表現する為に作られたものではありません。 製作者です。This video is made by me. [niconico video] www.nicovideo.jp ※転載はしないでください。 ※Reprint is prohibited.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sx-Mx-pjEl8&hl=en

One Shot One Kill - Snipers (Part 2)

They're unseen but deadly. The snipers are part of the elite forces of the SAF, trained to take out key enemy targets from concealed positions. With one deadly shot, they might just bring a whole battalion to a standstill. In part two, watch how they operate in urban areas to achieve their mission objectives.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fredhz--jg&hl=en

The Ulster Troubles (Part 15 of 24)

The Troubles consisted of about 30 years of repeated acts of intense violence between elements of Northern Ireland's Nationalist community (principally Roman Catholic) and Unionist community (principally Protestant). The conflict was caused by the disputed status of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom, and the alleged domination of the minority nationalist community, and discrimination against, by the unionist majority. The violence was characterised by the armed campaigns of paramilitary groups. Most notable of these was the Provisional IRA campaign 1969--1997 which was aimed at the end of British rule in Northern Ireland and the creation of a new all-Ireland Irish Republic. In response to this campaign and the perceived erosion of the British character and unionist domination of Northern Ireland, loyalist paramilitaries such as the UVF and UDA launched their own campaigns against the nationalist population. The state security forces - the British Army and the police (the Royal Ulster Constabulary) - were also involved in the violence. The British government point of view is that its forces were neutral in the conflict and trying to uphold law and order in the North. Irish republicans, however, regarded the state forces as "combatants" in the conflict and point to evidence of repeated collusion between the state forces and the loyalists as proof of this. Alongside the violence, there was a political deadlock between the major political parties in Northern Ireland ...



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=is1ysfdpMyg&hl=en

Canadian Forces Sniper Rob Furlong CBC Sunday Report #2

Former Canadian Forces Sniper Rob Furlong discusses his world record shot of 2430m in Afghanistan during Operation Anaconda in 2002 and his subsequent treatment by the military. Also includes some reporting from the Canadian Forces sniper school. Broadcast on CBC Sunday Report on September 9, 2007(cbc.ca)



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6q76G7F4dV8&hl=en

Pasukan Khas Udara (PASKAU) - Special Air Service / Air Force Special Operations

Tribute to Pasukan Khas Udara (PASKAU) - Special Air Service or Air Force Special Operations of the Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia - TUDM)



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8wW97h0X9g&hl=en

Nicholas Nip Youngest Chess Master in History

9 year old Nicholas Nip is youngest chess master in US History beating Bobby Fischer's record by 4 years. On the Regis and Kelly show he plays 5 adult chess players including defending armed forces champion all at the same time. Nicholas is part of Academic Chess program in San Francisco.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGvdLm-eF-g&hl=en

2010 | The Armed Forces of Serbia | Ready for Kosovo | HD

The Armed Forces of Serbia



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv6tHPyqFC4&hl=en

Planning to Define the Outcome

How can planning proceed in the absence of clearly stated strategic objectives and of a clearly defined Desired End State (DES)? How does the military determine its "measures of success"?

Strategic Objectives

"The man who is ready to beard a tiger or rush a river without caring whether he lived or died - that sort of man I should not take. I should certainly take someone who approached difficulties with due caution and who preferred to succeed by strategy."
Sun Tzu - The Art of War

The same strategic objective can bring out different reactions from different people. It's the well-defined goals and desired results that should drive strategic planning. The 'strategic objective' is the political aim (e.g. freedom from oppression, conquering neighboring states, defense from insurgents). Every military operation should be directed towards clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goals. These goals, or objectives, must drive military actions throughout the entire spectrum of military operations. The National Military Strategy "guides the Armed Forces in employing their resources in the most effective manner to achieve national security and defense objectives." (Joint Pub 1)

How can planning proceed in the absence of clearly stated strategic objectives? In the absence of well-defined goals or clear strategic objectives, planners must couple the latter with the Desired End State (DES) and identify assumptions so that they can begin the process. Naval Warfare Publication 5-01 defines assumptions as a "supposition about the current situations either as 1) assumed to be true in the absence of positive proof or 2) necessary to enable a commander during planning to complete an estimate of the situation and make a decision on the course of action, or both." Though an assumption regarding strategic objectives is not a preferred method of information sourcing, it will enable planners to begin the planning process. However, in order to begin moving toward a desired end state, military leaders must constantly ask for clearly defined and attainable objectives.

The Desired-End-State

"In its strategic context, military victory is measured in the achievement of the overall political goal and associated termination objectives."
Joint Publication 3-0

Vego (2000) defines Desired End State (DES) as a "broadly expresses political, diplomatic, military, economic, social, ethnic, humanitarian, and other conditions that the highest political leadership of national or alliance coalition forces wants in a given theater after the end of hostilities." Some military operations may be conducted to achieve a specific purpose - objective - but may only represent a portion of the DES. "Successful military operations may not, by themselves, achieve the desired strategic end state. Military activities across the full range of military operations need to be integrated and synchronized with other instruments of national power, such as political negotiations, and focused on common goals." (Joint Publication 3-0) Such was the case with the Falklands/Malvinas Conflict. Argentina envisioned a clearly defined military objective, which was to retake the Falkland/Malvinas Island by overwhelming the British. Nevertheless, their inability to identify a DES resulted in inadequate intelligence and relatively no follow-on planning. Gatchel (2001) affirms that "Argentine decisions or lack of [the] same resulted in no comprehensive defensive strategy or operational plans." The Argentines successfully accomplished their military objective but made no provisions for a DES such as sustained defense against Britain. Gatchel continues and points out why Britain was not compelled to negotiate a settlement due to the Argentines "lack of any strategic planning, and ultimately the lack of any strategy, hamstrung [their] forces, handing the initiative to the enemy."

Success vs. Effectiveness

"The political object - original motive for the war - will determine both the military objective to be reached and the amount of effort it requires. The political object cannot, however, in itself provide the standard of measurement."
Carl Von Clausewitz - On War (p. 81)

Military measures of success must be established at the beginning of a mission in order to constantly evaluate progress, to manage expectations, and facilitate transitions from one phase of an operation to the next. But how does the military determine its measure of success in the absence of clearly define strategic objectives? Success is the achievement or accomplishment of a particular mission. Even in regards to phases of military operations, success assumes that we are at or near the completion of that particular phase or mission. However, effectiveness not only considers the completion of a mission but the efficiency of the execution as well. Joint Publication 3-57 describes measures of effectiveness (MOE) in military operations as "tools used to measure results achieved in the overall mission and execution of assigned tasks, compared to stated strategic and operational objectives." MOE assist commanders in determining the progress of the mission. The bottom line is whether military efforts are achieving the desired result. MOE provide commanders and higher authorities with a baseline of indicators on how well the military achieves those goals. These measures are situational and usually require adjustment as the situation changes. An effective MOE contributes to mission effectiveness by identifying effective points at which to shift resources, transition to different phases, or alter or terminate the mission. MOE also assist the commander in determining when of the mission has been accomplished.

Developing Measures-of-Effectiveness

"It is enough to say that the enemy's withdrawal from the battlefield is the sign of victory... [For] a victory aimed at weakening the enemy's fighting forces is different from one that is only meant to seize a certain position."
Carl Von Clausewitz - On War (p. 142)

There is no comprehensive checklist for developing MOE. It will vary according to the mission. However, commanders should keep certain factors in mind when developing and using MOE. Joint Publication 3-57 provides planners with points to consider when developing MOE:

-They should be appropriate to the objectives. Are we getting the desired result?

-They must be Mission-related. If the mission is hurricane relief, then the MOE should help evaluate improvements in living standards, mortality rates, and other related areas.

-They must be measurable and reflect clear established criteria and disseminated to prevent misinterpretation.

-They should be moderate and reasonable. Avoid excessive, unreasonable, and unmanageable measures.

-They should be responsive to force performance and accurately reflect changes related to joint force actions.

-They should be useful in detecting situational changes quickly enough to enable the commander to immediately and effectively respond.
Conclusion

"The original means of strategy is victory - that is, tactical success; its ends, in the final analysis, are those objects which will lead directly to peace. The application of these means for these ends will also be attended by factors that will influence it to a greater or lesser degree."

Carl Von Clausewitz - On War (p. 143)

Strategic objective, DES, and MOE are closely related. All deal with outcomes. Strategic objective is the clearly defined and attainable goal, the DES is the preferred post-hostilities conditions, and MOE is how leaders quantify military efforts. Political and military leaders must work closely together to define strategic objectives, desired end states, and measures of effectives. "The use of the military instrument of national power as a component of the National Security Strategy requires the development of military objectives. These objectives need to be coordinated with associated diplomatic, economic, and informational objectives. The military instrument often plays a supporting role." (Joint Pub 0-2)

References

Gatchel, T. L. (2001) Operational Art and Theater-Level Decisions During the Falklands/Malvinas Conflict. The U. S. Naval War College. Newport, RI. p. 15

Howard, M. and Paret, P. (1976) Carl Von Clausewitz. On War. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ.

Joint Publication 0-2. (2001) Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF). Joint Chiefs of Staff. Washington, D. C. p. I-11

Joint Publication 1. (2000) Joint Warfare of the Armed Forces of the United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Washington, D. C. p. IV-3

Joint Publication 3-0. (2001) Doctrine for Joint Operations. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Washington, D. C. p. I-11.

Joint Publication 3-57. (2001) Joint Doctrine for Civil-Military Operations. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Washington, D. C. p. III-9 - III-11

Naval Warfare Publication 5-01. Naval Operational Planning (Revision A.) Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Washington, D. C. p. 4-5

Vego, M. (2000) Operational Warfare. Naval War College. Newport, RI. p. 637